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Colorado Land Planning and Development Law, 8th Edition

Donald L. Elliott, General Editor
Item No: BK1336
Price: $65.00
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Colorado Land Planning and Development Law is written and updated by Colorado experts on land planning, edited by Donald Elliott of Clarion Associates, and published in association with the American Planning Association – Colorado Chapter.

This book comes with a fully searchable CD that contains the complete text of the book, plus relevant Colorado statutes and rules.

Now in its eighth edition, Colorado Land Planning and Development Law reviews relevant law for private and public planners, planning commissioners, government officials, consultants, and lawyers who work in the area of land use planning, development, and redevelopment in Colorado. Intended as a guide to help professionals avoid legal problems and evaluate the seriousness of potential legal concerns, this book is filled with easy-to-follow case summaries and statutes addressing land use issues. While this book focuses on Colorado land use law, some influential decisions from other jurisdictions and federal decisions have also been included.

What’s NEW in the 8th Edition:

Includes Colorado court land use decisions from 2006-2008 addressing:

  • Use of eminent domain to acquire open space outside municipal boundaries.
  • Public utilities commission powers in home rule municipalities.
  • Local powers to adopt land use moratoria.
  • Local control over mining techniques and impacts.
  • Requirements for vehicle access to platted lots.
  • Validity of development impact fees.
  • Historic landmark designations.
  • Updates federal court decisions on the constitutionality of limits on religious land uses.

Includes new Colorado land use legislation from 2006-2008 addressing:

  • Local government powers to make adopted plans binding rather than advisory.
  • Required documentation of adequate water supply for subdivisions.
  • Limits on municipal fees for solar energy devices.
  • Restrictions on the use of eminent domain powers.
  • Revisions to the Colorado Oil and Gas Conservation Act.
  • Addresses emerging trends in form-based and mixed-use zoning.

Includes expanded discussion of complex Colorado land use topics, including:

  • Eminent domain.
  • Annexation.
  • Special districts.
  • Local approaches to greenhouse gas reduction.
The companion CD contains the text of the book and selected portions of the Colorado Revised Statutes in searchable PDF format.

INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 1: PLANNING by Catherine A. Hance, Esq. and Melinda M. Wiggins, Esq.
§ 1.1 Introduction
§ 1.2 Statutory Municipalities
§ 1.2.1 General Planning Provisions
§ 1.2.2 Regulation of Public Improvements and Public Utilities
§ 1.3 Statutory Counties
§ 1.3.1 General Planning Provisions
§ 1.3.2 Regulation of Public Improvements and Public Utilities
§ 1.4 Intergovernmental Cooperation
§ 1.4.1 General Statewide Policy
§ 1.4.2 Regional Planning Commissions
§ 1.4.3 Regional Service Authorities
§ 1.4.4 Metropolitan Planning Organizations
§ 1.4.5 Cooperation with State Government
§ 1.5 State-Level Planning
§ 1.5.1 Division of Planning
§ 1.5.2 Colorado State Land Board
§ 1.5.3 Areas and Activities of Statewide Interest
§ 1.5.4 Local Governmental Land Use Control
§ 1.6 Land Planning and the Environment

CHAPTER 2: ZONING by Thomas J. Ragonetti, Esq., James T. Johnson, Esq., Kimberly A. Martin, Esq., Kaydee C. Smith, Esq., R. Michael Shomo, Esq., and Keirstin K. Beck, Esq.
§ 2.1 Introduction
§ 2.2 Historical Development of Zoning
§ 2.3 Purpose of Zoning
§ 2.4 The Nature of Zoning
§ 2.5 The Authority to Zone
§ 2.5.1 Statutory Municipalities
§ 2.5.2 Statutory Counties
§ 2.6 Limitations on Zoning Powers
§ 2.6.1 Preemption
§ 2.6.2 Reasonableness and Nexus
§ 2.6.3 Definiteness of Standards to Guide Enforcement
§ 2.6.4 Conformance with Comprehensive Plan/Spot Zoning
§ 2.6.5 Free Speech and the First Amendment
§ 2.6.6 Religion and the First Amendment
§ 2.6.7 Land Owned by Governments
§ 2.6.8 Adopted Local Procedures
§ 2.6.9 Intergovernmental Agreements
§ 2.6.10 Development Agreements
§ 2.7 Nonconforming Uses, Structures, and Lots
§ 2.7.1 Nonconforming Uses
§ 2.7.2 Nonconforming Structures and Signs
§ 2.7.3 Nonconforming Lots
§ 2.8 Solutions to Specific Zoning Problems
§ 2.8.1 Rezoning/Amendment
§ 2.8.2 Conditional and Special Uses
§ 2.8.3 Variances
§ 2.9 Review of Zoning Decisions
§ 2.9.1 Administrative Review
§ 2.9.2 Judicial Review
§ 2.10 Initiative/Referendum
§ 2.11 Enforcement
§ 2.11.1 Statutory Counties
§ 2.11.2 Statutory Municipalities

CHAPTER 3: PLANNED UNIT DEVELOPMENTS by Donald L. Elliott, Esq.
§ 3.1 Introduction
§ 3.2 Authority for Planned Unit Developments
§ 3.2.1 Planned Unit Development Before State Authorization
§ 3.2.2 State Legislation
§ 3.3 Statutory Requirements of a PUD Enabling Ordinance
§ 3.4 Additional Requirements Permitted in a PUD Enabling Ordinance
§ 3.4.1 Establishment of Additional Requirements for PUD Approval
§ 3.4.2 Relationship of Additional Requirements With Subdivision Regulations
§ 3.4.3 Adequacy of a Local Government’s Additional Requirements
§ 3.5 Sufficiency of Local Government’s Ordinance or Resolution
§ 3.6 Common Open Space
§ 3.6.1 Ownership and Maintenance of Common Open Space
§ 3.6.2 Failure to Maintain Common Open Space
§ 3.7 Procedure for Approval of a PUD Plan
§ 3.7.1 Application
§ 3.7.2 Review and Consideration of Application
§ 3.8 Recording of PUD Not Required
§ 3.9 Modifications and Amendments to PUDs
§ 3.9.1 Modification by Local Government
§ 3.9.2 Modification by Residents and Owners
§ 3.10 Enforcement of PUD Plans
§ 3.10.1 Enforcement by County or Municipality
§ 3.10.2 Enforcement by Residents, Occupants, and Owners
§ 3.10.3 Enforcement Under Ordinances Not Subject to PUD Act
§ 3.11 Challenge to PUD Enabling Ordinance
§ 3.12 Challenges to Individual PUD Rezoning Ordinances
§ 3.12.1 Adjacent Property Owners
§ 3.12.2 Adjacent Home Rule Municipality

CHAPTER 4: SUBDIVISION by Malcolm M. Murray, Esq.
§ 4.1 Introduction
§ 4.2 Subdivision Plat
§ 4.3 Subdivision as a Land Use Regulatory Tool
§ 4.3.1 Subdivision Review Process
§ 4.3.2 Substantive Requirements
§ 4.4 Subdivision Exemptions
§ 4.4.1 Exclusions from the Statute
§ 4.4.2 Correction of Pre-Existing Problems
§ 4.5 Power to Regulate Sale of Subdivision Lots
§ 4.6 Dedication Requirements
§ 4.6.1 Forms of Dedication
§ 4.6.2 Intent to Dedicate
§ 4.6.3 Withdrawal of Offer to Dedicate
§ 4.6.4 Acceptance of Offer to Dedicate
§ 4.6.5 Interest Conveyed by Dedication
§ 4.7 Defective Plats, Notice and Intention
§ 4.8 Subdivision Plats With Deeded Streets
§ 4.9 Streets Acquired Under C.R.S. §§ 31-2-106 to 31-2-109
§ 4.10 Plat Amendment and Recordation
§ 4.11 Merger of Subdivided Lots

CHAPTER 5: STREETS AND ACCESS CONTROL by Malcolm M. Murray, Esq.
§ 5.1 Introduction
§ 5.2 Designation of Public Streets and Roads
§ 5.2.1 Dedication
§ 5.2.2 Prescription
§ 5.2.3 Vacation and Abandonment
§ 5.3 Access Control to Public Streets and Roads
§ 5.3.1 Local Controls
§ 5.3.2 State Controls

CHAPTER 6: EXACTIONS, DEDICATIONS,  IMPACT FEES, AND REGULATORY TAKINGS by Eric Heil, Esq. and Heidi Anderson, Esq.
§ 6.1 Introduction
§ 6.2 The Basic Exaction Tools
§ 6.3 Authority for Exactions and Impact Fees
§ 6.3.1 Legislative Adoption Required
§ 6.3.2 Relation Between Impact Fees and the Proposed Development
§ 6.3.3 Capital Facilities Defined
§ 6.3.4 Use for Existing and Future Capital Improvements
§ 6.3.5 The “No Double Dipping” Clause
§ 6.3.6 Pre-existing Impact Fee Programs
§ 6.3.7 New Impact Fees Apply Prospectively
§ 6.3.8 Challenging the Imposition of an Impact Fee
§ 6.3.9 Accounting for Impact Fee Revenues
§ 6.3.10 Waiver of Impact Fees for Affordable/Employee Housing
§ 6.4 Calculation of Land Dedications and Impact Fees
§ 6.4.1 Exactions
§ 6.4.2 Impact Fees
§ 6.5 Management of Collected Impact Fees
§ 6.6 Case Law on Exactions and Impact Fees
§ 6.6.1 The Police Power and the Nexus Requirement for Exactions
§ 6.6.2 The Police Power and the Reasonably Related Standard for Impact Fees
§ 6.6.3 The Police Power and the Requirement of Adequate Standards
§ 6.6.4 The “Tax” Challenge
§ 6.7 Regulatory Takings
§ 6.7.1 A Final Determination
§ 6.7.2 Test Elements
§ 6.7.3 Type of Challenge
§ 6.7.4 Definition of Property
§ 6.7.5 Relief
§ 6.7.6 Remedies

CHAPTER 7: VESTED RIGHTS by Gerald E. Dahl, Esq.
§ 7.1 Introduction
§ 7.2 Types of Vested Rights
§ 7.3 Common Law Vested Rights
§ 7.3.1 Legal Theories
§ 7.3.2 Who Has Common Law Vested Rights?
§ 7.3.3 When Do Common Law Vested Rights Vest?
§ 7.3.4 Actions That May Trigger Common Law Vested Rights Claims
§ 7.3.5 Actions That May Defeat Vested Rights
§ 7.4 Statutory Vested Rights
§ 7.4.1 Site Specific Development Plan
§ 7.4.2 The Approval Process
§ 7.4.3 Effect of Creation of a Statutory Vested Right
§ 7.4.4 Term
§ 7.4.5 Exceptions to Statutory Vested Rights
§ 7.4.6 Annexation
§ 7.4.7 Local Initiative and Referendum
§ 7.4.8 Available Remedies When Vested Rights Are Infringed
§ 7.4.9 Relationship to Common Law Vested Rights
§ 7.4.10 Pending Ordinance Doctrine

CHAPTER 8: ANNEXATION by Gerald E. Dahl, Esq.
§ 8.1 Introduction
§ 8.2 Sources of Colorado Annexation Law
§ 8.2.1 Municipal Annexation Act of 1965
§ 8.2.2 Poundstone I
§ 8.2.3 Poundstone II
§ 8.3 Municipal Annexation Act of 1965
§ 8.3.1 Legislative Declaration
§ 8.3.2 Definitions
§ 8.3.3 Eligibility for Annexation: Contiguity
§ 8.3.4 Limitations
§ 8.3.5 Series/Simultaneous Annexations
§ 8.3.6 Annexation of Enclaves, Partly Surrounded Land, and Municipally-Owned Land
§ 8.3.7 Petitions for Annexation and Annexation Elections
§ 8.3.8 Setting a Hearing Date—Notice Given
§ 8.3.9 Annexation Impact Report
§ 8.3.10 Hearing
§ 8.3.11 Findings
§ 8.3.12 Annexation Without Election
§ 8.3.13 Annexation Pursuant to Election
§ 8.3.14 Conflicting Annexation Claims of Two or More Municipalities
§ 8.3.15 Zoning of Land While Annexation Is Under Way; Zoning of Newly Annexed Land; Subdivision of Land While Annexation Is Under Way
§ 8.3.16 Review
§ 8.3.17 Effect of Review and Voiding of Annexation Ordinance by Court Order
§ 8.3.18 Priority of Annexation Proceedings
§ 8.3.19 Disconnection of Territory Because of Failure to Serve
§ 8.3.20 Court Approval Required for Certain Annexations
§ 8.4 Other Statutory Procedures
§ 8.5 Special Annexation Considerations
§ 8.5.1 Annexation Agreements
§ 8.5.2 Extraterritorial Service Agreements
§ 8.5.3 Intergovernmental Agreements

CHAPTER 9: SPECIAL DISTRICTS, IMPROVEMENT DISTRICTS, INTERGOVERNMENTAL AUTHORITIES, AND PUBLIC IMPROVEMENT CORPORATIONS by Norman F. Kron, Jr., Esq., AICP
§ 9.1 Introduction
§ 9.2 Common Types of Districts and their Features
§ 9.2.1 Operating Districts and Funding Districts
§ 9.2.2 Formation of Districts
§ 9.2.3 Governance of Districts
§ 9.2.4 Taxes and Mill Levy
§ 9.2.5 Financial Issues
§ 9.2.6 Land Use Control
§ 9.2.7 Elections
§ 9.2.8 State and Local Controls on Special Districts
§ 9.2.9 The Division of Local Government
§ 9.3 Specific Characteristics of Certain Districts
§ 9.4 Intergovernmental Authorities
§ 9.5 Public Improvement Corporations or Public Building Authorities
§ 9.6 Case Law

CHAPTER 10: URBAN REDEVELOPMENT  AND PUBLIC HOUSING by Paul C. Benedetti, Esq.
§ 10.1 Urban Renewal Authorities
§ 10.1.1 Organization
§ 10.1.2 Nature
§ 10.1.3 Blight
§ 10.1.4 Purposes and Powers
§ 10.1.5 Urban Renewal Plans; Urban Renewal Areas; Eminent Domain Provisions
§ 10.1.6 Project Financing; Tax Increment Financing
§ 10.1.7 Disposition of Property
§ 10.1.8 Cooperation with Other Public Bodies
§ 10.1.9 Relocation
§ 10.1.10 Significant Cases
§ 10.1.11 Standing
§ 10.2 Downtown Development Authorities
§ 10.2.1 Organization
§ 10.2.2 Powers and Purposes
§ 10.2.3 Mill Levy; Tax Increment Financing
§ 10.2.4 Colorado Constitution, Article X, Section 20 (TABOR)
§ 10.2.5 Cases
§ 10.3 Rehabilitation Act of 1945
§ 10.4 Relocation Assistance and Land Acquisition Policies
§ 10.5 Public Mall Act of 1970
§ 10.6 Housing Authorities
§ 10.6.1 Municipal Housing Authorities
§ 10.6.2 County Housing Authorities
§ 10.6.3 Multi-Jurisdictional Housing Authorities
§ 10.6.4 Public Housing Election
§ 10.7 Colorado Housing Act of 1970
§ 10.8 Colorado Housing And Finance Authority

CHAPTER 11: HISTORIC PRESERVATION by Gilbert F. McNeish, Esq.
§ 11.1 Introduction
§ 11.2 National Legislation
§ 11.3 Colorado Legislation
§ 11.3.1 Historical Societies
§ 11.3.2 Tax Credits
§ 11.4 Local Activities
§ 11.5 Constitutional Challenges to Historic Preservation Ordinances
§ 11.5.1 Challenges as a Taking
§ 11.5.2 Challenges as Being Void for Vagueness or as Unlawful Delegation of Power
§ 11.5.3 Challenges as Interfering with the Free Exercise of Religion
§ 11.5.4 Interim Controls
§ 11.5.5 Other Relevant Cases
§ 11.6 Transferable Development Rights as an Aid to Historic Preservation
§ 11.7 Methods for Creating Facially Valid Historic Preservation Regulations
§ 11.8 Other Related Laws and Issues
§ 11.8.1 Access Laws
§ 11.8.2 Conflicts Between Historic Preservation and Other Development Law

CHAPTER 12: OVERVIEW OF  ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ISSUES by Ronda L. Sandquist, Esq.
§ 12.1 Introduction
§ 12.2 Federal Initiatives
§ 12.2.1 Clean Air Act
§ 12.2.2 Regulation of Greenhouse Gases
§ 12.2.3 Colorado’s Climate Action Plan
§ 12.2.4 EPA Regulations for Stormwater
§ 12.2.5 Wetlands
§ 12.2.6 Endangered Species Act
§ 12.3 State Regulatory Systems
§ 12.3.1 Colorado Air Pollution Prevention and Control Act
§ 12.3.2 Wastewater and Stormwater Discharges
§ 12.3.3 Water Pollution Control
§ 12.3.4 Individual Sewage Disposal Systems
§ 12.3.5 Hazardous Waste Sites
§ 12.3.6 Voluntary Clean-up and Redevelopment Act
§ 12.3.7 Biosolids
§ 12.3.8 Water Supply and Runoff Considerations
§ 12.3.9 Small Community Environmental Flexibility Act
§ 12.3.10 Environmental Self-evaluations
§ 12.3.11 Conservation and Preservation of Species and Open Space
Donald L. Elliott is a senior consultant with Clarion Associates of Colorado, LLC, a land use consulting firm with offices in Denver, Chapel Hill, Chicago, Cincinnati, and Philadelphia. His practice focuses on land planning and zoning, growth management, and international land and urban development issues. He is the author of A Better Way to Zone and a co-author of The Citizens Guide to Planning. Don is a past chairman of the Planning and Law Division of the American Planning Association and a Fellow of the American Institute of Certified Planners.

CONTRIBUTING AUTHORS:
Keirstin K. Beck, Esq., Packard & Dierking, LLC
Paul C. Benedetti, Esq., Attorney at Law
Gerald E. Dahl, Esq., Murray Dahl Kuechenmeister & Renaud LLP
Catherine A. Hance, Esq., Davis Graham & Stubbs LLP
Eric J. Heil, Esq., A.I.C.P., Widner Michow & Cox, LLP
Heidi Anderson, Esq., Reliance Legal Services, LLC
James T. Johnson, Esq., Otten, Johnson, Robinson, Neff and Ragonetti, P.C.
Norman F. Kron, Jr., Esq., AICP, Grimshaw & Harring, P.C.
Kimberly A. Martin, Esq., Otten, Johnson, Robinson, Neff and Ragonetti, P.C.
John McGrath, Esq., Capmark Finance, Inc.
Gilbert F. McNeish, Esq., Grimshaw & Harring, P.C.
Malcolm M. Murray, Esq., Murray Dahl Kuechenmeister & Renaud LLP
Thomas J. Ragonetti, Esq., Otten, Johnson, Robinson, Neff and Ragonetti, P.C.
Ronda L. Sandquist, Esq., Jackson Kelly, PLLC
R. Michael Shomo, Esq., Archstone-Smith
Kaydee C. Smith, Esq., Otten, Johnson, Robinson, Neff and Ragonetti, P.C.
Melinda M. Wiggins, Esq., Davis Graham & Stubbs LLP
Format: 7x10", softcover with CD
Copyright: 2009
Pages: 316
ISBN: 978-1-932779-63-3
Publisher: Bradford Publishing Co.

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